what is type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of blood sugar. There are two types of Diabetes Mellitus, namely Type 1 and Type 2. Both types of diabetes have their unique set of complications, which results due to prolonged uncontrolled high blood sugar.
Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. People with Type 1 diabetes require insulin injections to regulate their blood sugar levels.
On the other hand, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive condition in which the body gradually becomes resistant to insulin resulting in high blood sugar levels. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is prevalent in people who are overweight, obese, or have a sedentary lifestyle. People with Type 2 diabetes can manage their blood sugar levels with medication and lifestyle changes.
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Eye Complications
Diabetes Mellitus can affect the eyes and lead to complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma.
Diabetic retinopathy is a condition in which the blood vessels in the retina get damaged, leading to vision impairment. Cataracts occur due to the clouding of the eye’s lens. Glaucoma occurs due to the increased pressure in the eye, which damages the optic nerve.
Nerve Damage
High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the body. This condition is known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy can cause tingling or numbness in the feet and hands, muscle weakness, and loss of reflexes.
Kidney Damage
Diabetes Mellitus can cause damage to the kidneys and lead to kidney failure. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, causing the kidneys to lose their ability to filter waste from the blood.
### Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes Mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. High blood sugar levels can cause the blood vessels to narrow and harden, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and brain.
Foot Complications
High blood sugar levels can cause nerve damage and poor blood flow to the feet. This can lead to foot ulcers, infections, and in severe cases, amputation.
Conclusion
The complications of Diabetes Mellitus can be severe and impact the quality of life of the affected individual. It is essential to manage blood sugar levels through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular check-ups with the doctor. Early detection and appropriate management of complications can prevent or delay the progression of the condition.
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